Self‐Discontinuity as a Barrier to Identity and Behaviour Change: Evidence From Smoking Cessation

ABSTRACT Extensive research has shown that resistance to behaviour change is often driven by the management of self‐related threats, traditionally conceptualized as threats to self‐esteem. The present research offers a novel perspective by examining behaviour change as a threat to self‐continuity (i.e., the perceived stability of one's self‐image over time). Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that perceived self‐discontinuity undermines motivation to change and self‐reported behaviour change by reinforcing prior self‐identities and inhibiting the formation of new ones. This hypothesis was tested across four studies on smoking behaviour, using well‐powered samples of regular smokers ( N Total = 1936). Studies 1 and 2 provided correlational and longitudinal support for the hypothesized indirect effect. Studies 3 and 4 used experimental manipulations to enhance perceived self‐continuity, which increased ex‐smoker identity and, in turn, engagement in cessation behaviours. These findings highlight that resistance to change is not only rooted in the need to maintain a positive self‐image but also in the motivation to maintain a stable sense of self.